Diaspididae of the World 2.0
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Diaspididae of the World 2.0
Melanaspis obscura

Literature

  • Borchsenius, N.S. 1966. A catalogue of the armoured scale insects (Diaspidoidea) of the world. (In Russian.) Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, Russia. 449 pp.
  • Comstock, J.H. 1881. Report of the entomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture for the year 1880, Part II - Report on scale insects. Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture for 1880: 276-349.
  • Davidson, J.A. and D.R. Miller 1990. Ornamental plants. In: D. Rosen (ed.), Armoured scale insects, their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. 4B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands: 603-632.
  • Deitz, L.L. and J.A. Davidson 1986. Synopsis of the armored scale genus Melanaspis in North America (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Technical Bulletin, Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University No. 279. 91 pp.
  • Dekle, G.W. 1976. Florida armored scale insects. Revised edition. Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas, Volume 3. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 345 pp.
  • Ebeling, W. 1959. Subtropical Fruit Pests. University of California, Los Angeles, USA. 436 pp.
  • Ehler, L.E. 1995. Biological control of obscure scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in California: an experimental approach. Environmental Entomology 24: 779-795.
  • Ehler, L.E. 1997. Obscure scale declines after parasitic wasp introduced. California Agriculture 51: 29-32.
  • Ferris, G.F. 1941. Atlas of the scale insects of North America. (Series 3) (Volume 3) Stanford University Press, California, USA. SIII-2b and SIII-269 to SIII-384.
  • Gill, R.J. 1997. The scale insects of California. Part 3. The armored scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Technical Series in Agricultural Biosystematics and Plant Pathology No. 3. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA. 307 pp.
  • Kawai, S. 1980. Scale insects of Japan in colors. (In Japanese.) National Agricultural Education Association, Tokyo. 455 pp.
  • Kosztarab, M. 1963. The armored scale insects of Ohio (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey (New Series) 2: 1-120.
  • Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of north-eastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, Virginia, USA. 650 pp.
  • Leonardi, G. 1899. Generi e specie di Diaspiti. Saggio di systemica degli Aspidiotus. Rivista di Patologia Vegetale, Firenze (1898) 7: 173-225.
  • Lindinger, L. 1911. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Schildläuse und ihre Verbreitung II. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie 7: 9-12, 86-90, 126-130, 172-177, 244-247, 353-383, 378-383.
  • Mussey, G.J. and D.A. Potter 1997. Phenological correlations between flowering plants and activity of urban landscape pests in Kentucky. Journal of Economic Entomology 90: 1615-1627.
  • Nakahara, S. 1982. Checklist of the armored scales (Homoptera: Diaspididae) of the conterminous United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA. 110 pp.
  • Smith, D.C. and M.J. Raupp 1986. Economic and environmental assessment of an integrated pest management program for community-owned landscape plants. Journal of Economic Entomology 79(1): 162-165.
  • Stoetzel, M.B. 1975. Seasonal history of seven species of armored scale insects of the Aspidiotini (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 68: 489-492.
  • Stoetzel, M.B. and J.A. Davidson 1971. Biology of the obscure scale, Malanaspis obscura (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on pin oak in Maryland. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 64: 45-50.
  • Stoetzel, M.B. and J.A. Davidson 1973. Life history variations of the obscure scale, Malanaspis obscura (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on pin oak and white oak in Maryland. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 66: 308-311.
  • Wheeler, A.G. Jr. and T.J. Henry 1978. Isometopinae (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Pennsylvania: biology and descriptions of fifth instars, with observations of predation on obscure scale. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 71: 607-614.
  • Woodroof, J.G. 1967. Tree nuts: production, processing, and products. Volume 2. Avi Publishing Co., Connecticut. 373 pp.
  • Zahradník, J., 1990. 3.9.9.2 Other forests. In: D. Rosen (ed.), Armoured scale insects, their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. 4B. World Crop Pests. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands: 645-654. .

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