MacGillivray, 1921
Appearance in life
Scale cover of adult female Kuwanaspis elongate to very elongate, somewhat convex, white, about 40-95% of length consisting of exuviae that are terminally located; scale cover of immature male similar to that of the female, but shorter.
Morphology
Adult female not pupillarial; body moderately to extremely elongate, fusiform to parallel-sided and slender; membranous, with pygidium sometimes lightly sclerotized medio-dorsally; abdominal segments only slightly lobed laterally, or not at all. Pygidium rounded; lobes perpendicular to margin. Median lobes well separated and sclerotized, either uni-, bi- or even quadrilobulate, all the lobules being similar, comparatively small and symmetrical; not zygotic. Second lobes well developed, deeply bilobulate, sometimes tooth-like. Pygidial margin fringed with broad, apically toothed processes or pectinae (these are reduced to tubercular processes in some species); 2 pectinae present between the median lobes. Gland spines well developed, usually single, absent from between the median lobes. Anus circular, situated in the anterior quarter to third of the pygidium; vulva usually situated near, or just anterior to, centre of pygidium. Marginal macroducts same size as dorsal ducts, each situated at base of a marginal toothed process; one usually present between median lobes; dorsal macroducts approximately arranged in segmental rows, each duct with a more or less sclerotized rim. Preygidium often with gland cones near margins of some segments. Perivulvar pores either absent or present in 5 groups. Stigmatic disc pores present by each anterior spiracle. Antennal setae vary in number, usually 1 or 2 on each antenna.