Literature
- Borchsenius, N.S. 1966. A catalogue of the armoured scale insects (Diaspidoidea) of the world. (In Russian.) Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, Russia. 449 pp.
- Ferris, G.F. 1941. Atlas of the scale insects of North America. (Series 3) (Volume 3) Stanford University Press, California, USA. SIII-2b and SIII-269 to SIII-384.
- Hempel, A. 1900. As coccidas Brasileiras. Revista do Museu Paulista, São Paulo 4: 365-537.
- Miller, D.R., Davidson, J.A. and M.B. Stoetzel 1984. A taxonomic study of the armored scale Pseudischnaspis Hempel (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 86: 94-109.