Cockerell, 1902
Diagnosis
In life, scale cover of adult female 1.5-2.0 mm long, ovoid, flat, chalky white with yellow or brown terminal exuviae, and with a thick ventral scale, forming a bivalved cover ODGREL1.jpg and ODGREL2.jpg . If males occur, the scale cover probably is similar to that of the adult female but smaller, with terminal exuviae.
Body of slide-mounted female elongate pyriform, membranous to lightly sclerotized, with intersegmental folds on abdomen obviously thickened and sclerotized and ducts on dorsum and venter all of similar size, in no fixed arrangement; submarginal duct tubercles absent from venter of thorax ODOGRS.jpg . Pygidium with two marginal scleroses present on each side; perivulvar pores present in two groups, situated on either side of the vulva; gland spines absent. Feeds only on bamboos ODGRNP.jpg .
Host range
Odonaspis greenii has been recorded from hosts belonging to the plant family Graminae, on species belonging to the bamboo genera Arundinaria, Bambusa, Dinochloa and Gigantochloa (Borchsenius, 1966; Ben-Dov, 1988).
Affected plant stages: vegetative growing, flowering and fruiting stages
Affected plant parts: on stems beneath leaf sheaths ODGREL1.jpg and ODGREL2.jpg
Biology and ecology
The biology and ecology of O. greenii has not been studied. Crawlers are the primary dispersal stage and move to new areas of the plant or are dispersed by wind or animal contact. Mortality due to abiotic factors is high in this stage. Dispersal of sessile adults and eggs occurs through human transport of infested plant material.
Economic impact
No mention of economic damage caused by O. greenii has been found in the literature.
Detection and inspection methods
Closely examine the stems of bamboo beneath leaf sheaths, for ovoid, flat, chalky white scale covers, each with yellow or brown terminal exuviae and a thick ventral scale, forming a bivalved cover ODGREL1.jpg and ODGREL2.jpg .
Natural enemies
Parasitoids:
- Caenohomalopoda guamensis, in USA (Hawaii) and Guam
Distribution
See Odonaspis greenii distribution.
Microscopic examination of slide-mounted adult females is required for authoritative identification to species.
Odonaspis secreta (Cockerell) ODSECS.jpg could be misidentified as O. greenii, but differs in lacking spiracular pores beside each posterior spiracle, and in having perivulvar pores that run across the mid-line ODSECRP.jpg. In contrast, O. greenii ODOGRS.jpg possesses spiracular pores beside each posterior spiracle, and lacks perivulvar pores that run across the mid-line. Odonaspis secreta has been recorded from China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Xizang), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), Bonin Is, Korea, West Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, India, Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Uganda, France, former Czechoslovakia (under glass), former USSR (South European Territory, Transcaucasus), USA (Louisiana, New Jersey, New York under glass), Cuba, and possibly Samoa and Fiji on the leaf sheaths and stems of Arundinaria, Bambusa, Miscanthus, Phyllostachys, Sasa and other bamboos (Foldi, 2001; Tao, 1999; Wong et al., 1999; Danzig and Pellizzari, 1998; Ben-Dov, 1988; Williams and Watson, 1988; Nakahara, 1982; Kawai, 1980; Beardsley, 1966; The Natural History Museum collection, London, UK). Scale cover of adult female circular to elongate oval, 1.5-4.0 mm long, white with brown terminal exuviae; scale cover of male elongate oval, narrow, about 1.0 mm long (Ben-Dov, 1988). The first instar nymph was described and illustrated by Howell and Tippins, 1977. Pygidium of adult female ODSECRP.jpg ; colony ODOSECL1.jpg
Comments
Odonaspis greenii is a subtropical/tropical species that may have originated in the Oriental region. In northern countries it is found only under glass. It has not been recorded from Australia, most of the Pacific islands, most of Africa, or from most of Europe. The species is probably more widespread than indicated, and may be under-collected due to its cryptic lifestyle.
Europe
Former Czechoslovakia: under glass (Ben-Dov, 1988; Danzig and Pellizzari, 1998)
Italy: present in the south (Longo et al., 1995)
Asia
China: present, no further details (Williams and Watson, 1988; Danzig and Pellizzari, 1998)
Fujian: present, no further details (Tao, 1999)
Guangdong: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Hong Kong: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Hubei: present, no further details (Tao, 1999)
Ningxia: present, no further details (Tao, 1999)
India
Maharashtra: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Indonesia
Sumatra: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Japan: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988; Danzig and Pellizzari, 1998)
Maldive Is: present, no further details (Watson et al., 1995)
Philippines: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Singapore: The Natural History Museum collection, London, UK
Sri Lanka: present, no further details (Williams and Watson, 1988; Ben-Dov, 1988)
Taiwan: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Thailand: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Africa
Tunisa: present, no further details (Danzig and Pellizzari, 1998)
Western Hemisphere
Central America: present, no further details (Danzig and Pellizzari, 1998)
Guyana: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Guadeloupe: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Martinique: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
St Lucia: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Suriname: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
USA
California: present, no further details (Ben-Dov, 1988)
Hawaii: present, no further details (Nakahara, 1981)
Oceania
Fiji: present (Williams and Watson, 1988)
Western Samoa: present (Williams and Watson, 1988)