Cockerell, 1897
Appearance in life
Scale cover of adult female circular, flat, white to greyish-brown, with central exuviae. Scale cover of immature male oval or slightly elongate, with exuviae subcentral or towards one end.
Morphology
Adult female not pupillarial; body approximately pyriform, but with a deep constriction between the mesothorax and the rest of the body; the anterior part of the body sometimes with a sclerotized spur or tubercle on the posterior angle on either side; prepygidium usually more or less sclerotized. Pygidium sclerotized, usually without elaborate areolations or tessellations in the central area; with angle at apex usually slightly more than 90°. Pygidium with 3 pairs of well-developed unilobulate lobes, parallel with longitudinal axis. Median lobes usually elongate, sometimes each with a basal sclerosis; second lobes smaller than median lobes, often about twice as long as wide; median and second lobes usually notched on outer margin; third lobes are heavily sclerotized, conical spurs; margin anterior to third lobe often more or less sclerotized. Paraphyses on basal angles of the lobes minute or absent. Dorsal marginal setae flagellate, shorter than the lobes. Plates broad and fringed, about same length as lobes; 2 present between median lobes; 2 present between median and second lobes, 3 between second and third lobes; a varying number present anterior to third lobe, these either very broad and sometimes sclerotized with serrate edges instead of fringes, or more or less slender and simple. Anus small, sometimes shorter than median lobe, oval to elongate-oval, situated at about posterior quarter to third of pygidium; vulva situated at about centre or towards anterior third of pygidium. Dorsal macroducts usually numerous, slender, fairly long, confined to pygidium; present between median lobes. Submarginal ducts arranged in 2 or 3 series which sometimes merge, the series not usually extending anteriorly much beyond the anus. Preygidium with or without marginal ducts; without plates or duct tubercles. Perivulvar pores present in 2 - 4 groups, or absent. Stigmatic disc pores absent; antennae quite widely spaced, each bearing 1 seta.