Takagi, 1984
Appearance in life
Scale cover of adult female fairly flat, subcircular, with central or subcentral exuviae. Scale cover of immature male similar to female but smaller, oval.
Morphology
Adult female not pupillarial; body broadly pyriform with prepygidium expanded and often slightly sclerotized, especially at the margins, at maturity. Pygidium broad, with sclerotized pattern; with 3 or 4 pairs of unilobulate marginal lobes. Lobes parallel to longitudinal axis of body; median lobes exceeding lateral lobes, each lobe more or less elongate, well sclerotized, subapically notched on outer or both edges; apical margins slightly slanting outwards, sometimes serrate; the lobes set quite close together, each with or without a basal sclerosis. Second, third and (if present) fourth lobes graded in size; second and third lobes variable in shape; fourth lobes always pointed if present; paraphyses absent. Dorsal marginal seta at outer basal corner of median lobe sometimes longer than the lobe; those present on second and third lobes more or less thickened, widest just before (lanceolate) or at base, tapering gradually towards apex. Well-developed plates present, as long as or slightly longer than lobes; 2 present between median lobes, 2 between each median and second lobe, 3 between second and third lobes (and 3 between third and fourth lobes, when present); number of plates lateral to each outermost lobe variable, present as far forward as fifth abdominal segment. Median pair of plates narrow, often simple; other plates between the lobes more or less deeply and finely fringed; plates lateral to outermost lobe simpler, often forming slender processes. Anus elliptical, usually smaller than median lobe, situated subapically or at posterior third to two-fifths of pygidium; vulva situated further forward, usually in anterior half of pygidium. Dorsal macroducts slender but not filiform, with sclerotized rims on orifices; moderate in length; usually 1 marginal duct present between median lobes (absent in type-species), 1 between median and second lobes, 1-2 between second and third lobes and up to 5 present lateral to third lobe on either side. Submarginal dorsal ducts usually arranged in three pairs of intersegmental rows or series towards apex of pygidium, the innermost row usually stopping before anterior edge of anus. Preygidium with dorsal submarginal bosses present on either side of segments I and III, sometimes quite prominent and slightly sclerotized; marginal prepygidial macroducts present on either side of segments II and III. Perivulvar pores present in 4 groups, or absent. Stigmatic disc pores absent; antennae quite widely spaced, each bearing one seta and more or less sclerotized spurs. Often several long setae present on anterior margin near midline.