Cockerell, 1897
Appearance in life
Scale cover of adult female circular to oval, convex, thick, with subcentral exuviae and a strong ventral scale. Scale cover of immature male similar to female but smaller, elongate with exuviae towards one end.
Morphology
Adult female not pupillarial; body broadly pyriform with prepygidium expanded, membranous except for parts of pygidium. Pygidium with prominent median lobes only, these somewhat elongate, often slightly convergent, with the inner margins very close together; each lobe with a well-defined basal sclerosis; other lobes absent. Minute paraphyses/marginal sclerotizations are present on the margins of segments VII and VI. Dorsal marginal setae flagellate; seta at outer corner of each pygidial segment long, sometimes longer than a median lobe. Plates well developed, as long as or longer than lobes, may be strongly fringed, or simple and pointed or rounded; absent from between median lobes except in one species; usually present as far forward as segment V or IV. Anus smaller than median lobe, oval, situated within 2-3 of its diameters of apex of pygidium; vulva situated approximately at middle of pygidium, sometimes slightly closer to pygidial apex than to the base. Dorsal macroducts very slender, of moderate length; 1 marginal duct present between median lobes; submarginal ducts sometimes arranged in intersegmental rows on each side. Preygidium without plates, duct tubercles or macroducts. Perivulvar pores absent. Stigmatic disc pores absent; antennae quite widely spaced, each bearing 1 seta and a more or less developed, sclerotized spur.