Literature
- Balachowsky, A.S. 1954. Les cochenilles paléarctiques de la tribu des Diaspidini. Mémoires scientifiques de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. 450 pp.
- Borchsenius, N.S. 1966. A catalogue of the armoured scale insects (Diaspidoidea) of the world. (In Russian.) Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, Russia. 449 pp.
- Hall, W.J. 1923. Further observations on the Coccidae of Egypt. Part 1. Descriptions of new species. Bulletin, Egypt Ministry of Agriculture, Technical and Scientific Service 36: 1-61.
- Nakahara, S. 1982. Checklist of the armored scales (Homoptera: Diaspididae) of the conterminous United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA. 110 pp.
- Williams, J.R. and D.J. Greathead 1990. Sugar Cane. In: D. Rosen (ed.), Armoured scale insects, their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. 4B. World Crop Pests. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands: 563-578.