Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
Appearance in life
Scale cover of adult female usually elongate with parallel sides but some species wide; formed by brown to black second instar exuviae, which may be covered with a thin film of wax; first exuviae apical. Scale cover of immature male small, elongate, white with terminal exuviae.
Morphology
Adult female pupillarial; body often elongate with parallel sides, sometimes elongate turbinate or with widest point about abdominal segment II and abruptly tapering posteriorly; anterior margin sometimes with a median interantennal process (shape variable, sometimes textured); body membranous; pygidium lightly sclerotized. Pygidium triangular or sometimes slightly rounded, often with apex blunt or squared off. Median lobes zygotic, with the basal zygosis usually well developed, the lobes often divergent and forming a deep notch at the apex of the pygidium; or prominent; a pair of distinct marginal setae always present between the median lobes. Second lobes usually well developed, bilobed, but sometimes reduced or absent. Third lobes absent or represented by marginal serrations only. Gland spines, if present, few, arranged singly in interlobular spaces of pygidium. Anus circular to oval, located between centre and anterior 1/4 of pygidium; vulva situated between centre and anterior 1/3 of pygidium. Marginal ducts large or slender, present only along pygidial margin, varying in number, often 3-6 present on either side, absent from between median lobes. Submarginal dorsal ducts usually absent from pygidium, occasionally present in submedian area at pygidial base and on the preceding segment. Duct tubercles sometimes present on ventral margins of prepygidial segments as far forward as the thorax. Perivulvar pores usually present in 5 or fewer groups, occasionally absent. Stigmatic pores, each with 3 loculi, few, present by anterior spiracle only. Antennal bases unusually large, often conical, placed quite close together, near or on anterior margin; each sometimes bearing a sclerotized spine as well as a single seta.
Second instar female elongate, dorsum becoming quite heavily sclerotized and pigmented. Pygidium often similar to that of adult female; median lobes always distinctly zygotic; second lobes usually well developed, with a pair of slender scleroses on the inner lobule; marginal macroducts single; marginal gland spines normally present singly.