Hempel, 1900
Appearance in life
Scale cover of adult female very thick, hard and brittle, elongate with mostly parallel margins, weakly to moderately convex, brown or black, with exuviae at anterior end; ventral scale dark, thick and hard. Scale cover of immature male similar to female but shorter.
Morphology
Adult female not pupillarial; body elongate, with sides more or less parallel, cephalic margin broadly rounded or truncate; prosoma usually membranous except anterior margin becoming sclerotized with maturity. Pygidium fairly prominent, angle subtended by apex more than 90°; with a well-defined pattern of sclerotization: with a median sclerotized area arising between bases of third lobes and extending anteriorly, with two lateral lobes at its anterior edge; a pair of areas, each arising from base of third lobes and forming a narrow sclerotized band along mesal margin of which pores are present; another pair of sclerotized areas, each arising from base of fourth lobe, more or less broken up into small areas; margin anterior to fourth lobe somewhat sclerotized and toothed. Pygidium with 3 pairs of well-defined unilobulate lobes, the fourth lobes represented by sclerotized points; lobes often notched, especially on outer margins, each of which may have several notches especially on outer lobes. Lobes parallel to longitudinal axis, well sclerotized; graduated in size, with the median lobes smallest and third lobes largest; median lobes not obviously elongate. Conspicuous paraphyses or scleroses present along pygidial margin, the longest being several times longer than a median lobe; arising from bases of median, second and third lobes, the interlobular space between second and third lobes, and short paraphyses sometimes arising from the pygidial margin anterior to fourth lobe. Plates small, slightly fringed, as long as or slightly longer than lobes; usually 1 - 2 present between median lobes; 1 between median and second lobes; 1 - 2 between second and third lobes; 1 - 2 between third and fourth lobes; and a few small projections occasionally present anterior to fourth lobe. Anus oval, as long as or longer than median lobe, situated near centre of pygidium; vulva situated anterior to centre of pygidium, sometimes as far forward as anterior third of pygidium. Dorsal macroducts usually very long and fairly slender; 0 or 1 marginal duct between median lobes, 1 between median and second lobes, 1 or 2 between second and third lobes and 1 - 2 between third and fourth lobes on either side; a series of marginal ducts often present along pygidial margin anterior to fourth lobe, sometimes along the ventral margin as well. Submarginal ducts usually arranged in 3 intersegmental series between segments VIII and VII, VII and VI and VI and V on each side. Ventral prepygidial marginal ducts often present. Perivulvar pores present in 4-5 groups. Stigmatic disc pores absent; antennae situated fairly near mid-line, each bearing one seta and a small, sclerotized spur.