Berlese and Leonardi, 1896
Appearance in life
Scale cover of adult female thick, circular, or elongate and shaped like a mussel shell, usually obviously convex, whitish to yellow or grey or pale brown, with light brown, submarginal or apical exuviae; males not observed. Female scales often difficult to see because they tend to develop under the epidermis of the host-plant.
Morphology
Adult female not pupillarial; body robust, either turbinate, with the cuticle becoming sclerotized with maturity from abdominal segment I forwards; or elongate and fusiform and membranous apart from pygidium; lateral lobes of free abdominal segments well developed, with marginal sclerotized spurs present on segments II-IV. Pygidium more or less triangular and well sclerotized, with prominent median lobes, separated by a small space; each lobe with the sloping, serrate outer margin longer than the inner margin, sometimes appearing convergent; not zygotic. Second lobes reduced or absent; third and fourth lobes represented by marginal serrations; fifth lobe represented by a sclerotized prominence or absent. Narrow transverse paraphyses arising from the basal angle of each median lobe, and a large club-shaped sclerosis arising from the inner basal corner also. Gland spines well developed, a small pair present between median lobes, and between median lobes and position of second lobes; 3 present between second and third lobes, and 3 or 4 between third and fourth lobes; 4-5 present on either side of free prepygidial segments as far forward as abdominal segment I. Anus circular, situated in the anterior quarter of the pygidium; vulva situated near anterior 1/3 of pygidium. Marginal macroducts not differentiated from dorsal macroducts. All macroducts small and short, with slight sclerotization around the orifice; never present between median lobes. Dorsal macroducts either confined to margins or extending also into submarginal and submedian series or clusters. Perivulvar pores absent. Stigmatic disc pores present by anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennal setae numbering 5-7.