MacGillivray, 1921
Appearance in life
Scale cover of adult female circular, fairly to highly convex, thick, dark coloured, with subcentral exuviae. Scale cover of immature male not known.
Morphology
Adult female not pupillarial; body approximately pyriform, but with a deep constriction between the prothorax and the rest of the body; prepygidium sclerotized. Pygidium strongly sclerotized, with a pattern of areolations or tessellations over the central area, sometimes also with lateral sclerotized bands which envelop the series of pores; with angle at apex very obtuse in some species but almost as narrow as 90° in others. Pygidium with 3 pairs of well-developed unilobulate lobes, parallel with longitudinal axis, lobes usually notched at least on outer margin; median lobes prominent, somewhat elongate, with the inner margins very close together, may appear zygotic in some species; second and third lobes smaller than median lobes; sometimes fourth lobes represented by a slight prominence; margin anterior to fourth lobe often heavily sclerotized and toothed. Well-developed paraphyses present, arising from the outer basal angle of each median lobe and from between the second and third lobes, each paraphysis longer than a median lobe, the inner end of each paraphysis usually circular and detached from the stem, but in some species the paraphysis is just thickened with a well-rounded inner end. Dorsal marginal setae flagellate; seta at outer corner of each pygidial segment long, sometimes much longer than a median lobe. Plates small and slender, slightly shorter than or slightly longer than lobes, either slightly fringed or simple with more or less pointed tips (resembling gland spines); 0 - 2 present between median lobes; 1 - 3 present between median and second lobes, 1 - 3 between second and third lobes, 0 - 3 just beyond third lobe. Anus small, usually shorter than median lobe, oval to very elongate-oval, situated at about posterior quarter or third of pygidium; vulva situated in anterior half of pygidium, usually about anterior third to quarter. Dorsal macroducts usually numerous, very slender, fairly short to moderately long; absent from between median lobes. Submarginal ducts arranged in well-defined rows or series. Preygidium often with marginal ducts; without plates or duct tubercles. Perivulvar pores arranged in 3 - 5 groups, or absent. Stigmatic disc pores present by each anterior spiracle; antennae quite widely spaced, each bearing 1 seta and a more or less developed, sclerotized spur.