Literature
- Balachowsky, A.S. 1954. Les cochenilles paléarctiques de la tribu des Diaspidini. Mémoires scientifiques de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. 450 pp.
- Borchsenius, N.S. 1950. Mealybugs and scale insects of the USSR (Coccoidea). (In Russian.) Zoological Institute, Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Russia. 250 pp.
- Borchsenius, N.S. 1966. A catalogue of the armoured scale insects (Diaspidoidea) of the world. (In Russian.) Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, Russia. 449 pp.
- Danzig, E.M. 1980. Coccids of the far-eastern USSR. (In Russian.) Nauka, Leningrad, Russia. 367 pp. English translation, 1986. United States Department of Agriculture. Amerind Publishing Co, New Delhi, India. 450 pp.
- Danzig, E.M. 1993. Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. Scale insects (Coccinea). Volume X Rhynchota. Families Phoenicococcidae and Diaspididae. (In Russian.) Nauka Publishing House, St Petersburg, Russia. 452 pp.
- Danzig, E.M. and G. Pellizzari 1998. Diaspididae. In: F. Kozár (ed.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coccoidea. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Akaprint Nyomdaipari Kft., Budapest, Hungary: 172-370.
- Ferris, G.F. 1937. Atlas of the scale insects of North America. (Series 1) (Volume 1) Stanford University Press, California, USA. SI-1 to SI-136.
- Howard, F.W. and A.D. Oliver 1985. Armored scale insects (Homoptera: Diaspididae) of Louisiana. Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 767. 125 pp.
- Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of north-eastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, Virginia, USA. 650 pp.
- Kosztarab, M. and F. Kozár 1988. Scale insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kaido, Budapest, Hungary. 456 pp.
- Kuwana, S.I. 1926. The diaspine Coccidae of Japan. IV. Genera Cryptoparlatoria, Howardia, Sasakiaspis (n. gen.) Diaspis, Aulacaspis, Pinnaspis and Prontaspis. Department of Finance, Japan Imperial Plant Quarantine Service, Technical Bulletin 4: 1-44.
- MacGillivray, A.D. 1921. The Coccidae. Tables for the identification of the subfamilies and some of the more important genera and species, together with discussions of their anatomy and life history. Scarab, Urbana, Illinois, USA. 502 pp.
- Mamet, J.R. 1951. Notes on the Coccoidea of Madagascar - II. Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar (Ser. A) 5: 213-254.
- Schmutterer, H. 1959. Schildläuse oder Coccoidea. 1. Deckelschildläuse oder Diaspididae. In: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile. Fischer, Jena, Germany. 45: 260 pp.
- Takagi, S. 1961a. A contribution to the knowledge of the Diaspididini of Japan (Homoptera: Coccoidea) Pt. III. Insecta Matsumurana, Series Entomology 24: 69-103.
- Takagi, S. 1970. Diaspididae of Taiwan based on material collected in connection with the Japan - U.S. co-operative science programme, 1965 (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Part II. Insecta Matsumurana, Series Entomology 33: 1-146.
- Takagi, S. 1985. The scale insect genus Chionaspis; a revised concept (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, Series Entomology (New Series) 33: 1-77.
- Takagi, S. and S. Kawai 1967. The genera Chionaspis and Pseudaulacaspis with a criticism on Phenacaspis (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana, Series Entomology 30: 29-43.
- Takahashi, R. 1952. Descriptions of five new species of Diaspididae from Japan, with notes on dimorphism in Chionaspis or Phenacaspis. Research Institute for Natural Resources, Miscellaneous Reports No. 27: 7-15.
- Tippins, H.H. and J.O. Howell 1983. Morphology and systematics of the first instars of North American Pseudaulacaspis. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 18: 195-200.
- Williams, D.J. and G.W. Watson 1988. The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific region. Part 1 The armoured scales (Diaspididae). CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 290 pp.