Literature
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- Balachowsky, A.S. 1958. Les cochenilles du continent Africain noir. Vol. II Aspidiotini (2me partie), Odonaspidini et Parlatorini. Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren (New Series in 4°) 4: 149-356.
- Borchsenius, N.S. 1966. A catalogue of the armoured scale insects (Diaspidoidea) of the world. (In Russian.) Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, Russia. 449 pp.
- Cockerell, T.D.A. 1897. The San José scale and its nearest allies. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Technical Series 6: 1-31.
- Danzig, E.M. and G. Pellizzari 1998. Diaspididae. In: F. Kozár (ed.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coccoidea. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Akaprint Nyomdaipari Kft., Budapest, Hungary: 172-370.
- Ferris, G.F. 1938. Atlas of the scale insects of North America. Series 2, Volume 2. Stanford University Press, California, USA. SII-1a, SII-2a, and SII-137 to SII-268.
- Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of north-eastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, Virginia, USA. 650 pp.
- Schmutterer, H. 1959. Schildläuse oder Coccoidea. 1. Deckelschildläuse oder Diaspididae. In: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile. Fischer, Jena, Germany. 45: 260 pp.
- Williams, D.J. and G.W. Watson 1988. The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific region. Part 1 The armoured scales (Diaspididae). CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 290 pp.